• Fine grained version of Uncertainty Ontology

Fine grained version of Uncertainty Ontology

The RDF graph

Because our Ontology can be described as a RDF graph and the graph is a tree, we present it in a form of a hierarchy of concepts and properties. Here

• Class1

  • property Class2

means, that we have in our ontology classes Class1 and Class2 and a property property with domain Class1 and range Class2

• Sentence - an expression in some logical language that evaluates to a truth-value (formula, axiom, assertion)

  • saidAbout World - the world about which the Sentence is said

    • isDescribedIn DomainOntology - describes particular domain

      • hasInstances Instances - collects data available

        • giveEvidence Evidence - describes learning, training instances (data) for Uncertainty assignment

  • saidBy Agent - whoever makes the statement

    • superClassOf HumanAgent - the agent making the statement is a human

    • superClassOf MachineAgent - the agent making the statement is a machine

      • superClassOf InductiveAgent - in the case of a machine produced statement, the procedure used is inductive

      • superClassOf DeductiveAgent - in the case of a machine produced statement, the procedure used is deductive (reasoning, querying)

      • superClassOf AbductiveAgent - in the case of a machine produced statement, the procedure used is abduction

  • hasUncertainty Uncertainty - a statement about the uncertainty associated with the sentence

    • hasNature UncertaintyNature - whether the uncertainty is an inherent property of the world or is a lack of information or is a lack of will to say truth

      • superClassOf Aleatory - the uncertainty comes from the world; uncertainty is an inherent property of the world

        • superClassOf PhysicalWorldAleatory - inherent uncertainty of world relates to physical world

        • superClassOf LivingWorldAleatory - inherent uncertainty of world relates to living world, e.g. animals

        • superClassOf SocietyAleatory - inherent uncertainty of world relates to sociological aspects of the world, e.g. politics

        • superClassOf BusinessWorldAleatory - inherent uncertainty of world relates to business aspects of the world

      • superClassOf Epistemic - the uncertainty is due to the agent whose knowledge is limited, especially for a machine agent

        • superClassOf HumanEpistemic - knowledge of a human is limited

        • superClassOf MachineEpistemic - knowledge of a machine is limited

      • Trust - the uncertainty comes from the intent of (usually human) agent

    • hasUncertaintyType UncertaintyType - classification of uncertainty

      • superClassOf Ambiguity - the referents of terms in a sentence to the world are not clearly specified and therefore it cannot be determined whether the sentence is satisfied, see also http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambiguity

      • superClassOf Empirical - a sentence about a world (an event) is either satisfied or not satisfied in each world, but it is not known in which worlds it is satisfied; this can be resolved by obtaining additional information (e.g., an experiment)

        • superClassOf Randomness - sentence is an instance of a class for which there is a statistical law governing whether instances are satisfied

      • superClassOf Vagueness - there is not a precise correspondence between terms in the sentence and referents in the world, see also http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vagueness

      • superClassOf Inconsistency - there is no world that would satisfy the statement

      • superClassOf Incompleteness - information about the world is incomplete, some information is missing

      • superClassOf Lie - untruthful statement with the intention to deceive, often with the further intention(s)

    • hasUncertaintyModel UncertaintyModel - mathematical theories for the uncertainty types

      • superClassOf Probability

      • superClassOf FuzzySets

      • superClassOf BeliefFunctions

      • superClassOf RandomSets

      • superClassOf RoughSets

      • superClassOf SimilarityModels

      • superClassOf PreferenceModels

      • superClassOf TrustModels

      • superClassOf CombinationOfSeveralModels

        • superClassOf FuzzySetsAndProbabilityCombinationModels

Properties

• hasUncertainty - sentence S has uncertainty U

• saidAbout - sentence S is said about world W

• saidBy - sentence S was said by agent A

• hasNature - uncertainty U has nature N (either aleatory or epistemic (lack of knowledge)

• hasUncertaintyType - uncertainty U is of type T

• hasUncertaintyModel - uncertainty U is modeled using the mathematical theory M

• isDescribedIn - World W is described in an ontology O

• hasInstances - ontology O has instances I (can have several instances = data collected)

• giveEvidence - instances I give evidence E (for uncertainty assignment wrt a model)

• superClassOf - is the inverse of rdfs:subClassOf