Ontology Container Information

Namespaces used

default

file:/Applications/OilEd3.5.7/ontologies/DOLCE-Lite-Plus/DLP39/DLP394_indTasks_noLeg.daml.daml.daml

1

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/Plans#

2

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/DnS#

3

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/InformationObjects#

4

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/CommonSenseMapping#

5

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/DOLCE-Lite#

6

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/FunctionalParticipation#

7

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/TemporalRelations#

8

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/SpatialRelations#

9

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/Actions#

10

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/SocialUnits#

11

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/Causality#

12

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/Collections#

13

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/ModalDescriptions#

14

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/Systems#

15

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/Collectives#

16

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/SemioticCommunicationTheory#

Classes

abstract #5 abstract-plan #1 abstract-quality #5 abstract-region #5 accomplishment #5 achievement #5 action #9 action-task #1 activity #9 agent #5 agent-driven-role #9 agentive-figure #10 agentive-physical-object #5 agentive-social-object #5 amount-of-matter #5 arbitrary-sum #5 atom #5 atomic-interval #5 bag-task #1 biological-collective #15 biological-object #4 causal-role #4 chemical-object #4 circumstantial-plan #1 classification-system #3 cognitive-agentive-physical-object #9 cognitive-event #9 cognitive-modal-description #13 cognitive-state #9 collection #12 collection-role #4 collective #15 combinatorial-system #3 commerce-role #4 commitment #13 communication-event #5 communication-role #16 communication-situation #16 complex-task #1 concept #2 constitutive-description #2 contract #4 control-task #1 country #4 course #2 creative-object #4 decision-activity #1 decision-state #1 dependent-place #5 description #2 description-role #4 design-object-materialization #14 desire #13 diagrammatic-object #3 ecological-collective #15 elementary-task #1 endurant #5 event #5 feature #5 feature-role #4 figure #2 flux #9 formal-expression #3 formal-system #3 functional-matter #4 genetic-collective #15 geographical-object #4 geographical-place #4 gestalt #2 goal #1 goal-qua-main #1 goal-situation #1 grammar #3 hybrid-task #1 iconic-object #3 indicator #9 information-collection #3 information-encoding-system #3 information-gathering #1 information-object #2 information-realization #3 institution #10 intentional-collective #15 interpretation-situation #16 language #16 legal-possession-entity #4 life-cycle #9 linguistic-object #3 locative-role #4 logical-role #4 material-artifact #4 maximal-task #1 measurement-unit #5 mental-object #5 method #2 modal-description #2 morpheme #4 narrative #3 natural-person #5 non-agentive-physical-object #5 non-agentive-social-object #5 non-physical-collection #12 non-physical-endurant #5 non-physical-object #5 non-physical-place #4 norm #4 organization #10 organized-collection #12 organized-collective #15 parameter #2 parametrized-collection #12 particular #5 path #4 perdurant #5 phase-role #4 phenomenon #4 phoneme #3 physical-body #4 physical-endurant #5 physical-object #5 physical-phenomenon #4 physical-place #4 physical-plurality #12 physical-quality #5 physical-realization #2 physical-region #5 plan #2 plan-assessment #1 plan-assessment-task #1 plan-execution #1 planning-activity #1 political-geographic-object #4 practice #2 process #5 production-workflow-execution #14 project #2 promise #13 proposition #5 quale #5 qualitative-role #4 quality #5 quality-space #5 reconstructed-flux #9 region #5 regulation #2 relation #2 relevant-part #5 responsibility #13 role #2 saturated-plan #1 schedule #1 semiotic-code #16 semiotic-role #16 sequential-task #1 set #5 simple-collection #12 simple-collective #15 simple-planned-collective #15 situation #2 social-description #2 social-individual #10 social-object #5 social-relationship #2 social-role #2 social-type-collective #15 social-unit #10 socially-constructed-person #10 space-region #5 spatial-feature #4 spatial-location_q #5 spatio-temporal-region #5 state #5 stative #5 status #9 subplan #1 substance-role #4 symmetric-role #2 system-as-artifact #14 system-as-description #14 system-as-situation #14 system-design #14 system-functionality #14 system-production-workflow #14 task #2 taxonomic-collection #12 taxonomic-collective #15 technique #2 temporal-location_q #5 temporal-quality #5 temporal-region #5 temporary-atom #5 text #3 text-repository #3 theory #2 time-interval #5 type-based-collective #15 word #3 working-system-situation #14

Properties

Individuals

class abstract #5

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/DOLCE-Lite#

documentation:

The main characteristic of abstract entities is that they do not have spatial nor temporal qualities, and they are not qualities themselves. The only class of abstract entities we consider in the present version of the upper ontology is that of quality regions (or simply regions). Quality spaces are special kinds of quality regions, being mereological sums of all the regions related to a certain quality type. The other examples of abstract entities (sets and facts) are only indicative.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

particular #5

constraints:

restriction has-quality #5 to-class (not spatial-location_q #5)
restriction has-quality #5 to-class (not temporal-location_q #5)

known subclasses:

proposition #5
region #5
set #5

used in classes:

proposition #5
region #5
set #5

axioms:

disjoint situation #2 abstract #5
disjoint quality #5 abstract #5
disjoint abstract #5 perdurant #5
disjoint abstract #5 endurant #5

class abstract-plan #1

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/Plans#

documentation:

An abstract plan is a plan whose roles and tasks only specify classes of entities that can be included in a plan execution. In other words, a component from an abstract plan does not select any named entity. This condition cannot be formalized in FOL, since we would like to express a condition by which an instance of an abstract plan specifies instances of plan components, but no instances of situation elements, e.g. that 'manager' selects some (if any) instance of person, but not a specified (named) person.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

plan #2

class abstract-quality #5

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/DOLCE-Lite#

documentation:

A quality inherent in a non-physical endurant.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

quality #5

constraints:

restriction q-location #5 to-class abstract-region #5
restriction has-quality #5 to-class abstract-quality #5
restriction inherent-in #5 to-class non-physical-endurant #5
restriction inherent-in #5 has-class non-physical-endurant #5

used in classes:

abstract-quality #5
abstract-region #5
non-physical-endurant #5

axioms:

disjoint abstract-quality #5 physical-quality #5
disjoint abstract-quality #5 temporal-quality #5

class abstract-region #5

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/DOLCE-Lite#

documentation:

A region at which only abstract qualities can be directly located. It assumes some metrics for abstract (neither physical nor temporal) properties.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

region #5

constraints:

restriction part #5 to-class abstract-region #5
restriction q-location-of #5 to-class abstract-quality #5

known subclasses:

measurement-unit #5

used in classes:

abstract-quality #5
abstract-region #5
measurement-unit #5

used in properties:

abstract-location #5
abstract-location-of #5

axioms:

disjoint abstract-region #5 physical-region #5
disjoint abstract-region #5 temporal-region #5

class accomplishment #5

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/DOLCE-Lite#

documentation:

Eventive occurrences (events) are called achievements if they are atomic, otherwise they are accomplishments. Further developments: being 'achievement', 'accomplishment', 'state', 'event', etc. can be also considered 'aspects' of processes or of parts of them. For example, the same process 'rock erosion in the Sinni valley' can be seen as an accomplishment (what has brought the current state that e.g. we are trying to explain), as an achievement (the erosion process as the result of a previous accomplishment), as a state (collapsing the time interval of the erosion into a time point), as an event (what has changed our focus from a state to another). In the erosion case, we could have good motivations to shift from one aspect to another: a) causation focus, b) effectual focus, c) condensation d) transition (causality).

type:

primitive

superclasses:

event #5

known subclasses:

action #9
communication-event #5
phenomenon #4

used in classes:

action #9
communication-event #5
flux #9
phenomenon #4
reconstructed-flux #9

class achievement #5

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/DOLCE-Lite#

documentation:

Eventive occurrences (events) are called achievements if they are atomic, otherwise they are accomplishments. Further developments: being 'achievement', 'accomplishment', 'state', 'event', etc. can be also considered 'aspects' of processes or of parts of them. For example, the same process 'rock erosion in the Sinni valley' can be seen as an accomplishment (what has brought the current state that e.g. we are trying to explain), as an achievement (the erosion process as the result of a previous accomplishment), as a state (collapsing the time interval of the erosion into a time point), as an event (what has changed our focus from a state to another). In the erosion case, we could have good motivations to shift from one aspect to another: a) causation focus, b) effectual focus, c) condensation d) transition (causality).

type:

primitive

superclasses:

event #5

class action #9

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/Actions#

documentation:

A Perdurant that exemplifies the intentionality of an agent. Could it be aborted, incomplete, mislead, while remaining a (potential) accomplishment ... The point here is that having a result depends on a method, then an action remains an action under incomplete results. As a matter of fact, if we neutralize intentionality, a purely topological, post-hoc view is at odds with the notion of incomplete accomplishments.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

accomplishment #5

constraints:

restriction participant #5 has-class (agentive-physical-object #5 or agentive-social-object #5)
restriction generically-dependent-on #5 has-class cognitive-state #9

known subclasses:

activity #9

used in classes:

activity #9

used in properties:

performed-by #6
performs #6
prescribed-by #6
prescribes #6
use-of #6
used-in #6

class action-task #1

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/Plans#

documentation:

An action task is an elementary task that sequences non-planning activities, like: moving, exercising forces, gathering information, etc. Planning activites are mental events involving some rational event.

type:

defined

superclasses:

elementary-task #1

constraints:

restriction sequences #2 to-class (not planning-activity #1)

used in classes:

hybrid-task #1
sequential-task #1

used in individuals:

activation-task #1
synchro-task #1

axioms:

disjoint action-task #1 control-task #1

class activity #9

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/Actions#

documentation:

In dependency terms, an activity is an action that is generically constantly dependent on a conventional, shared description (course) adopted by participants. Intuitively, activities are complex actions that are at least partly conventionally planned.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

action #9

constraints:

restriction sequenced-by #2 has-class course #2
restriction generically-dependent-on #5 has-class course #2

known subclasses:

information-gathering #1
planning-activity #1

used in classes:

information-gathering #1
planning-activity #1

used in properties:

generic-target #6
generic-target-of #6
has-method #9
instrument #6
instrument-of #6
method-of #9
product #6
product-of #6
resource #6
resource-for #6
result #6
result-of #6

used in individuals:

parallel-task #1

axioms:

covered functional-matter #4 by (restriction used-in #6 has-class activity #9)

class agent #5

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/DOLCE-Lite#

documentation:

A dummy class used to join agentive objects (either physical or social). Agents are dispositionally so, in the sense that they are able to conceive descriptions and possible actions, but they do not necessarily act. In everyday language, agent is used in this sense, but also to tell that something has acted in a certain way, or to say that something has an initiator or leading role in some action. In DLP, the performs relation encodes these notions.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

(agentive-physical-object #5 or agentive-social-object #5)

class agent-driven-role #9

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/Actions#

documentation:

A role that can only be played by agents. Here mainly for alignment purpose of WordNet.

type:

defined

superclasses:

role #2

constraints:

restriction played-by #2 to-class (agentive-physical-object #5 or agentive-social-object #5)

used in classes:

task #2

used in properties:

attitude-target-of #2
attitude-towards #2
bdi #13
bdi-target-of #13
desire-target-of #13
desire-towards #13
empowered-for #9
empowered-to #9
obligation-for #9
obliged-to #9
right-task-for #9
right-to #9
subject-target-of #13
subjected-to #13

used in individuals:

decoder-role #16
encoder-role #16
interpreter-role #16

class agentive-figure #10

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/SocialUnits#

documentation:

Agentive figures are those which are assigned (agentive) roles from a society or community; hence, they can act like a physical agent: AgentiveFigure(x) ? Figure(x) ? ?y,z,w. Description(y) ? Role(z) ? Description(w) ? y­w ? Defines(y,z) ? Defines(w,x) ? Selects(z,x) Typical agentive figures are societies, organizations, and in general all socially constructed persons. Figures are not dependent on roles defined or used in the same descriptions they are defined or used, but they can act because they depute some powers to some of those roles. In other words, a figure selected by some agentive role can play that role because there are other roles in the descriptions that define or use the figure. Those roles select endurants that result to act for the figure: DeputedBy(r,f) ? Role(r) ? Figure(f) ? ?d. Description(d) ? Uses(d,r) ? Uses(d,f) DeputedBy(r,f) ? ?r1. Role(r1) ? Selects(r1,f) ActsFor(e,f) ? ?r. Role(r) ? DeputedBy(r,f) ? Selects(r,e) For example, an employee acts for an organization that deputes the role (e.g. turner) that classifies the employee. Simply put, a guy working as a turner at FIAT acts for (or on behalf of) FIAT. In complex figures, like organizations or societies, a total agency is possible when an endurant plays a delegate, or representative role of the figure. Since figures are social objects, it is conceivable to find figures that act for other figures.

type:

defined

superclasses:

figure #2
agentive-social-object #5

constraints:

restriction acted-by #2 to-class (agentive-physical-object #5 or agentive-social-object #5)
restriction conceives #2 has-class description #2
restriction plays #2 has-class role #2
restriction deputes #2 to-class role #2

known subclasses:

social-individual #10

used in classes:

social-individual #10
task #2

used in properties:

attitude-target-of #2
attitude-towards #2
bdi #13
bdi-target-of #13
desire-target-of #13
desire-towards #13
empowered-for #9
empowered-to #9
obligation-for #9
obliged-to #9
right-task-for #9
right-to #9
subject-target-of #13
subjected-to #13

class agentive-physical-object #5

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/DOLCE-Lite#

documentation:

Within Physical objects, a special place have those to which we ascribe generic intentionality (compatibly to Brentano's distinction, the ability to conceive a description). These are called Agentive, as opposite to Non-agentive. In general, we assume that agentive objects are constituted by non-agentive objects: a person is constituted by an organism, a robot is constituted by some machinery, and so on. Among non-agentive physical objects we have for example houses, body organs, pieces of wood, etc. Generic agentivity is defined here in a wide sense as implying conception (to be characterized in a dedicated Ð but not developed as yet Ð ontology of mind). A conception only requires intentionality in BrentanoÕs terms (i.e., the ability to represent something to oneself). See also 'cognitive agentive physical object'.

type:

defined

superclasses:

physical-object #5

constraints:

restriction conceives #2 has-class description #2

known subclasses:

cognitive-agentive-physical-object #9
natural-person #5

used in classes:

action #9
agent #5
agent-driven-role #9
agentive-figure #10
cognitive-agentive-physical-object #9
collective #15
description #2
information-object #2
mental-object #5
natural-person #5
plan #2
social-object #5

used in properties:

acted-by #2
acts-for #2
conceived-by #2
conceives #2
interpreted-by #2
interprets #2
performed-by #6
performs #6
prescribed-by #6
prescribes #6
referred-by #3
refers-to #3

axioms:

disjoint non-agentive-physical-object #5 agentive-physical-object #5

class agentive-social-object #5

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/DOLCE-Lite#

documentation:

A social object that is assumed to have intentionality (in the wider sense of conceiving some description). Since a social object is dependent on physical ones, it is not trivial to interpret the local sense in which a social object 'conceives' a description. For example, an institution can have the belief in the existence of some physical person, but this is possible by means of the powers conferred by some legal system, through its representatives, and that belief has to verified or 'used' by means of the physical agents that 'act for' the institution. A different sense of social object conceiving descriptions holds for collectives, which ground the overall conception on either a shared, or distributed, or external description conceived by either members of the collective, or by some non-member agent.

type:

defined

superclasses:

social-object #5

constraints:

restriction conceives #2 has-class description #2

known subclasses:

agentive-figure #10
collective #15

used in classes:

action #9
agent #5
agent-driven-role #9
agentive-figure #10
collective #15
desire #13
information-object #2
plan #2
practice #2
social-relationship #2

used in properties:

acted-by #2
acts-for #2
adopted-by #9
adopts #9
adopts-goal #1
adopts-plan #1
conceived-by #2
conceives #2
created-by #9
creates #9
interpreted-by #2
interprets #2
performed-by #6
performs #6
prescribed-by #6
prescribes #6
referred-by #3
refers-to #3

class amount-of-matter #5

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/DOLCE-Lite#

documentation:

The common trait of amounts of matter is that they are endurants with no unity (according to Gangemi et a. 2001 none of them is an essential whole). Amounts of matter - 'stuffs' referred to by mass nouns like 'gold', 'iron', 'wood', 'sand', 'meat', etc. - are mereologically invariant, in the sense that they change their identity when they change some parts.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

physical-endurant #5

known subclasses:

functional-matter #4

used in classes:

functional-matter #4
substance-role #4

used in properties:

resource #6
resource-for #6

axioms:

disjoint physical-object #5 amount-of-matter #5
disjoint feature #5 amount-of-matter #5

class arbitrary-sum #5

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/DOLCE-Lite#

documentation:

AKA arbitrary-collection. The mereological sum of any two or more endurants (physical or not). Arbitrary sums have no unity criterion (they are 'extensional').

type:

primitive

superclasses:

endurant #5

constraints:

restriction part #5 has-class endurant #5
property-constraint part #5 min-cardinality 2 endurant #5

axioms:

disjoint non-physical-endurant #5 arbitrary-sum #5
disjoint physical-endurant #5 arbitrary-sum #5

class atom #5

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/DOLCE-Lite#

documentation:

A particular with no proper parts.

type:

defined

superclasses:

particular #5

constraints:

restriction proper-part #5 to-class (not particular #5)

used in properties:

atomic-part #5
atomic-part-of #5
temporary-atomic-part #5
temporary-atomic-part-of #5

class atomic-interval #5

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/DOLCE-Lite#

documentation:

A time interval with no proper parts (within the clocktick chosen for the time-interval quality space).

type:

defined

superclasses:

time-interval #5

constraints:

restriction part #5 to-class (not time-interval #5)

class bag-task #1

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/Plans#

documentation:

A bag task is a complex task that does not include either a control task, or a successor relation among any two component tasks. The last condition cannot be stated in OWL-DL, because it needs a coreference.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

complex-task #1

constraints:

restriction component #2 to-class (not control-task #1)

class biological-collective #15

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/Collectives#

documentation:

Biological collectives are type-based collectives that are *covered* by roles typical of the biological world. They can be divided into various kinds (genetic, taxonomic, epidemiological, etc.). Biological properties produce either crisp or fuzzy/probabilistic types.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

type-based-collective #15

known subclasses:

genetic-collective #15
taxonomic-collective #15

used in classes:

genetic-collective #15
taxonomic-collective #15

class biological-object #4

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/CommonSenseMapping#

documentation:

Any physical body at the biological granularity level. They are (generically) constituted by chemical objects.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

physical-body #4

constraints:

restriction generic-constituent #5 has-class chemical-object #4

class causal-role #4

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/CommonSenseMapping#

documentation:

A role defined (not just used!) by a causal description, and exploited to conceptualize some causation invariants. Causal notions are still primitive in this version of DLP.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

role #2

class chemical-object #4

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/CommonSenseMapping#

documentation:

Any physical body at the chemical granularity level.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

physical-body #4

used in classes:

biological-object #4

class circumstantial-plan #1

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/Plans#

documentation:

A circumstantial plan has all components selecting named individuals from the ground ontology (e.g. only specific persons, specified resources, a finite number of time intervals and space regions, etc.). This condition cannot be formalized in FOL, since we would like to express a condition by which an instance of an circumstantial plan specifies both instances of plan components, and instances of situation elements, e.g. that 'manager' selects a specified (named) person.

type:

defined

superclasses:

plan #2

constraints:

restriction d-uses #2 to-class (concept #2 and (restriction classifies #2 has-class particular #5))

class classification-system #3

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/InformationObjects#

documentation:

An information encoding system that provides rules for (ev. ordered) lists of information objects, e.g terminologies, subjects, knowledge domains.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

information-encoding-system #3

constraints:

restriction involves #2 has-class information-object #2

class cognitive-agentive-physical-object #9

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/Actions#

documentation:

An agentive physical object that is able to have desires and intentions, besides beliefs. In this ontology, this is encoded as having the ability to conceive plans.

type:

defined

superclasses:

agentive-physical-object #5

constraints:

restriction conceives #2 has-class plan #2

used in classes:

desire #13
social-relationship #2

used in properties:

adopted-by #9
adopts #9
adopts-goal #1
adopts-plan #1
created-by #9
creates #9

class cognitive-event #9

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/Actions#

documentation:

An event occurring in the (embodied) mind.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

event #5

constraints:

restriction substrate #6 has-class natural-person #5

class cognitive-modal-description #13

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/ModalDescriptions#

documentation:

The modal descriptions depending on some mental attitude, represented here by means of a relation between roles and tasks.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

modal-description #2

known subclasses:

commitment #13
desire #13

used in classes:

commitment #13
desire #13

class cognitive-state #9

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/Actions#

documentation:

A state of the (embodied) mind

type:

primitive

superclasses:

state #5

constraints:

restriction substrate #6 has-class natural-person #5

used in classes:

action #9

class collection #12

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/Collections#

documentation:

Collections are social objects (either agentive or not), which are not defined by a description, but they depend both on member entities and on some concepts, figures, and indirectly on descriptions. While we could talk in general of collections of any kind of entities (events, objects, abstracts, etc.), we restrict here our attention to collections of endurants, and therefore to their roles (not to concepts whatsoever).

type:

defined

superclasses:

social-object #5

constraints:

restriction member #12 has-class endurant #5
restriction member #12 to-class endurant #5
property-constraint member #12 min-cardinality 2 endurant #5
restriction covered-by #12 has-class role #2

known subclasses:

collective #15
non-physical-collection #12
organized-collection #12
simple-collection #12

used in classes:

collection-role #4
collective #15
non-physical-collection #12
organized-collection #12
physical-plurality #12
simple-collection #12
system-as-artifact #14

used in properties:

characterized-by #12
characterizes #12
covered-by #12
covers #12
extensionally-equivalent #12
member #12
member-of #12
unified-by #12
unifies #12

axioms:

disjoint concept #2 collection #12
disjoint description #2 collection #12
disjoint figure #2 collection #12
disjoint information-object #2 collection #12

class collection-role #4

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/CommonSenseMapping#

documentation:

A role only played by collections.

type:

defined

superclasses:

role #2

constraints:

restriction played-by #2 to-class collection #12

class collective #15

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/Collectives#

documentation:

A collection whose members are only agents.

type:

defined

superclasses:

collection #12
agentive-social-object #5

constraints:

restriction member #12 to-class (agentive-physical-object #5 or agentive-social-object #5)

known subclasses:

organized-collective #15
simple-collective #15

used in classes:

organized-collective #15
simple-collective #15
social-description #2
social-individual #10

class combinatorial-system #3

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/InformationObjects#

documentation:

An information encoding system that provides roles and operations to create valid information objects (e.g. grammars, templates, codes).

type:

primitive

superclasses:

information-encoding-system #3

constraints:

restriction orders #3 to-class information-object #2

known subclasses:

grammar #3
semiotic-code #16

used in classes:

grammar #3
semiotic-code #16

class commerce-role #4

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/CommonSenseMapping#

documentation:

A role played by some substance or object within a commercial transaction description.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

social-role #2

class commitment #13

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/ModalDescriptions#

documentation:

A commitment is a cognitive modal description, characterized by certain obligations and rights targeted by at least one of its roles.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

cognitive-modal-description #13

known subclasses:

promise #13
responsibility #13

used in classes:

promise #13
responsibility #13

class communication-event #5

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/DOLCE-Lite#

documentation:

Here communication is taken in a rather wide sense, being possible as an (intentional) activity as well as a phenomenon.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

accomplishment #5

used in classes:

social-object #5

class communication-role #16

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/SemioticCommunicationTheory#

documentation:

The roles employed to characterize communication. E.g. the roles from Jakobson's theory of communication.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

role #2

used in classes:

semiotic-role #16

used in individuals:

c-context #16
channel-role #16
code-role #16
decoder-role #16
encoder-role #16
interpreter-role #16
message-role #16

class communication-situation #16

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/SemioticCommunicationTheory#

documentation:

Any situation that satisfies Jakobson's communication theory.

type:

defined

superclasses:

situation #2

constraints:

restriction satisfies #2 has-class one-of (Jakobson's-communication-theory #16)

class complex-task #1

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/Plans#

documentation:

A task that has at least two other tasks as components.

type:

defined

superclasses:

task #2

constraints:

restriction component #2 has-class task #2
property-constraint component #2 min-cardinality 2 task #2

known subclasses:

bag-task #1
hybrid-task #1
maximal-task #1
sequential-task #1

used in classes:

bag-task #1
hybrid-task #1
maximal-task #1
sequential-task #1

used in individuals:

synchro-task #1

class concept #2

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/DnS#

documentation:

AKA C-Description. A non-physical object that is defined by a description s, and whose function is classifying entities from a ground ontology in order to build situations that can satisfy s.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

non-agentive-social-object #5

constraints:

restriction defined-by #2 has-class description #2
restriction refined-by #2 to-class concept #2

known subclasses:

course #2
parameter #2
role #2

used in classes:

circumstantial-plan #1
concept #2
course #2
description #2
parameter #2
role #2

used in properties:

classified-by #2
classifies #2
d-used-by #2
d-uses #2
defined-by #2
defines #2
optionally-used-by #2
optionally-uses #2
refined-by #2
refines #2

axioms:

disjoint concept #2 description #2
disjoint concept #2 figure #2
disjoint concept #2 information-object #2
disjoint concept #2 collection #12

class constitutive-description #2

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/DnS#

documentation:

A description whose main purpose is defining a figure.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

description #2

constraints:

restriction defines #2 has-class figure #2

used in classes:

figure #2

class contract #4

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/CommonSenseMapping#

documentation:

A binding agreement that is possibly enforceable by law.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

regulation #2

constraints:

restriction part #5 has-class promise #13

class control-task #1

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/Plans#

documentation:

A control task is an elementary task that sequences a planning activity, e.g. an activity aimed at (cognitively or via simulation) anticipating other activities. Therefore, control tasks have usually at least one direct successor task (the controlled one), with the exception of ending tasks. The reification of control constructs allows to represent procedural knowledge into the same ontology including controlled action. Besides cognitive transparency and independency from a particular grounding system, a further advantage is enable the representation of coordination tasks. For example, a manager that coordinates the execution of several related activities can be represented as a role with a responsibility (duty+right) towards some complex task.

type:

defined

superclasses:

elementary-task #1

constraints:

restriction sequences #2 to-class (planning-activity #1 or decision-state #1)

known subclasses:

plan-assessment-task #1

used in classes:

bag-task #1
hybrid-task #1
plan-assessment-task #1
sequential-task #1

used in properties:

exit-condition #1
exit-condition-of #1

used in individuals:

abandonment-task #1
abortion-task #1
activation-task #1
alternate-task #1
any-order-task #1
beginning-task #1
branching-task #1
case-task #1
completion-task #1
concurrency-task #1
deliberation-task #1
ending-task #1
loop-for #1
loop-task #1
loop-until #1
parallel-task #1
partly-case-task #1
reactivation-task #1
suspension-task #1
synchro-task #1

axioms:

disjoint action-task #1 control-task #1

class country #4

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/CommonSenseMapping#

documentation:

A political geographic object that is (generically) dependent on some physical place (in principle, countries can change their borders).

type:

primitive

superclasses:

political-geographic-object #4

constraints:

restriction generically-dependent-on #5 has-class physical-place #4

class course #2

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/DnS#

documentation:

A concept that selects (in particular, it 'sequences') perdurants (processes, events, or states), as a component of some s-description. Courses are the descriptive counterpart of perdurants, and, as perdurants have endurants as participatants, they are usually the target of attitudes of some functional role. This relation is named 'modality target of', because it actually reifies at first order a typology of modal relations.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

concept #2

constraints:

restriction defined-by #2 has-class description #2
restriction sequences #2 to-class perdurant #5
restriction modal-target-of #2 to-class (role #2 or figure #2)
restriction part #5 to-class course #2

known subclasses:

life-cycle #9
path #4
task #2

used in classes:

activity #9
course #2
life-cycle #9
modal-description #2
parameter #2
path #4
role #2
task #2

used in properties:

attitude-target-of #2
attitude-towards #2
desire-target-of #13
desire-towards #13
expected-setting #2
expected-setting-for #2
modal-target #2
modal-target-of #2
requisite #2
requisite-for #2
sequenced-by #2
sequences #2

axioms:

disjoint parameter #2 course #2
disjoint course #2 role #2

class creative-object #4

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/CommonSenseMapping#

documentation:

The information realized by an entity for creative purposes. Here mainly for mapping purpose from WordNet.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

information-object #2

class decision-activity #1

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/Plans#

documentation:

An activity related to planning. It is sequenced by 'case task', and can contain an infornation gathering activity.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

planning-activity #1

constraints:

restriction sequenced-by #2 has-class one-of (case-task #1)

used in classes:

decision-state #1

used in individuals:

case-task #1

class decision-state #1

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/Plans#

documentation:

A state related to planning. It is sequenced by 'deliberation task', and is preceded by a decision activity.

type:

defined

superclasses:

state #5

constraints:

restriction sequenced-by #2 has-class one-of (deliberation-task #1)
restriction follows #7 has-class decision-activity #1

used in classes:

control-task #1

used in individuals:

deliberation-task #1

class dependent-place #5

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/DOLCE-Lite#

documentation:

A feature that is not part of its host, like a hole in a piece of cheese, the underneath of a table, the front of a house, or the shadow of a tree.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

feature #5

class description #2

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/DnS#

documentation:

A description is a non-physical object, which represents a conceptualization (as a mental object or state), hence generically dependent on some agent, and which is also social, i.e. communicable. Descriptions define or use concepts or figures, and can be satisfied by situations. The typology of descriptions is still preliminary.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

non-agentive-social-object #5

constraints:

restriction defines #2 to-class (concept #2 or figure #2)
restriction d-uses #2 has-class (concept #2 or figure #2)
restriction expressed-by #2 has-class information-object #2
restriction conceived-by #2 has-class agentive-physical-object #5

known subclasses:

constitutive-description #2
information-encoding-system #3
method #2
modal-description #2
narrative #3
social-description #2
system-as-description #14
theory #2

used in classes:

agentive-figure #10
agentive-physical-object #5
agentive-social-object #5
concept #2
constitutive-description #2
course #2
description-role #4
information-encoding-system #3
information-object #2
method #2
modal-description #2
narrative #3
parameter #2
role #2
situation #2
social-description #2
system-as-description #14
theory #2

used in properties:

admits #2
admitted-by #2
adopted-by #9
adopts #9
c-sat #2
c-sat-by #2
conceived-by #2
conceives #2
created-by #9
creates #9
d-used-by #2
d-uses #2
defined-by #2
defines #2
expanded-by #2
expands #2
expected-by #2
expects #2
has-in-scope #2
in-scope-of #2
involved-in #2
involves #2
optionally-used-by #2
optionally-uses #2
p-sat #2
p-sat-by #2
postcondition #9
postcondition-of #9
precondition #9
precondition-of #9
r-sat #2
r-sat-by #2
satisfied-by #2
satisfies #2
unified-by #12
unifies #12

used in individuals:

c-context #16
meaning #16
s-context #16

axioms:

disjoint concept #2 description #2
disjoint description #2 figure #2
disjoint description #2 information-object #2
disjoint description #2 collection #12

class description-role #4

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/CommonSenseMapping#

documentation:

A role played by descriptions only. Usable for metalinguistic notions, like those that deal with granular partitions of knowledge, strata of reality, argumentation, etc.

type:

defined

superclasses:

role #2

constraints:

restriction played-by #2 to-class description #2

known subclasses:

logical-role #4

used in classes:

logical-role #4

used in individuals:

c-context #16
code-role #16
meaning #16
s-context #16

class design-object-materialization #14

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/Systems#

documentation:

A situation in which an object exists that has been produced according to a system design specification.

type:

defined

superclasses:

system-as-situation #14

constraints:

restriction satisfies #2 has-class system-design #14
restriction generically-dependent-on #5 has-class production-workflow-execution #14

used in classes:

working-system-situation #14

class desire #13

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/ModalDescriptions#

documentation:

Desires in general are characterised by defining or using at least one intentional agentive role or figure, and at least one course towards which the role or figure has a desire. The coreference between the two axioms cannot be represented in OWL-DL.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

cognitive-modal-description #13

constraints:

restriction conceived-by #2 has-class (cognitive-agentive-physical-object #9 or agentive-social-object #5)

known subclasses:

goal #1

used in classes:

goal #1

class diagrammatic-object #3

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/InformationObjects#

documentation:

An information object ordered by a shematic iconic code

type:

primitive

superclasses:

information-object #2

class ecological-collective #15

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/Collectives#

documentation:

An organized collective that receives its organization from the characterizing roles of social interaztion between organisms in a niche.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

organized-collective #15

class elementary-task #1

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/Plans#

documentation:

An atomic task.

type:

defined

superclasses:

task #2

constraints:

restriction component #2 to-class (not task #2)

known subclasses:

action-task #1
control-task #1

used in classes:

action-task #1
control-task #1

class endurant #5

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/DOLCE-Lite#

documentation:

The main characteristic of endurants is that all of them are independent essential wholes. This does not mean that the corresponding property (being an endurant) carries proper unity, since there is no common unity criterion for endurants. Endurants can 'genuinely' change in time, in the sense that the very same endurant as a whole can have incompatible properties at different times. To see this, suppose that an endurant say 'this paper' has a property at a time t 'it's white', and a different, incompatible property at time t' 'it's yellow': in both cases we refer to the whole object, without picking up any particular part of it. Within endurants, we distinguish between physical and non-physical endurants, according to whether they have direct spatial qualities. Within physical endurants, we distinguish between amounts of matter, objects, and features.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

particular #5

constraints:

restriction participant-in #5 to-class perdurant #5
restriction participant-in #5 has-class perdurant #5
restriction part #5 to-class endurant #5
restriction specific-constant-constituent #5 to-class endurant #5

known subclasses:

arbitrary-sum #5
non-physical-endurant #5
physical-endurant #5

used in classes:

arbitrary-sum #5
collection #12
endurant #5
feature #5
life-cycle #9
non-physical-endurant #5
perdurant #5
physical-endurant #5
role #2

used in properties:

co-participates-with #9
constant-participant #5
constant-participant-in #5
descriptive-origin #8
descriptive-origin-of #8
descriptive-place #8
descriptive-place-of #8
e-temporal-location #7
e-temporal-location-of #7
exploited-by #9
exploits #9
functional-participant #6
functional-participant-in #6
generic-target #6
generic-target-of #6
has-state #6
involved-in #2
involves #2
life #5
life-of #5
made-by #9
makes #9
member #12
member-of #12
metaphorically-played-by #2
metaphorically-plays #2
participant #5
participant-in #5
participant-place #8
participant-place-of #8
patient #6
patient-of #6
place #8
place-of #8
played-by #2
plays #2
present-at #7
product #6
product-of #6
situation-place #8
situation-place-of #8
state-of #6
substrate #6
substrate-of #6
target #6
target-of #6
temporary-participant #5
temporary-participant-in #5
time-of-presence-of #7
total-constant-participant #5
total-constant-participant-in #5
total-temporary-participant #5
total-temporary-participant-in #5
use-of #6
used-by #9
used-in #6
uses #9

axioms:

disjoint situation #2 endurant #5
disjoint quality #5 endurant #5
disjoint abstract #5 endurant #5
disjoint perdurant #5 endurant #5

class event #5

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/DOLCE-Lite#

documentation:

An occurrence-type is stative or eventive according to whether it holds of the mereological sum of two of its instances, i.e. if it is cumulative or not. A sitting occurrence is stative since the sum of two sittings is still a sitting occurrence. In general, events differ from situations because they are not assumed to have a description from which they depend. They can be sequenced by some course, but they do not require a description as a unifying criterion. On the other hand, at any time, one can conceive a description that asserts the constraints by which an event of a certian type is such, and in this case, it becomes a situation. Since the decision of designing an explicit description that unifies a perdurant depends on context, task, interest, application, etc., when aligning an ontology do DLP, there can be indecision on where to align an event-oriented class. For example, in the WordNet alignment, we have decided to put only some physical events under 'event', e.g. 'discharge', in order to stress the social orientedness of DLP. But whereas we need to talk explicitly of the criteria by which we conceive discharge events, these will be put under 'situation'. Similar considerations are made for the other types of perdurants in DOLCE. A different notion of event (dealing with change) is currently investigated for further developments: being 'achievement', 'accomplishment', 'state', 'event', etc. can be also considered 'aspects' of processes or of parts of them. For example, the same process 'rock erosion in the Sinni valley' can be conceptualized as an accomplishment (what has brought the current state that e.g. we are trying to explain), as an achievement (the erosion process as the result of a previous accomplishment), as a state (if we collapse the time interval of the erosion into a time point), or as an event (what has changed our focus from a state to another). In the erosion case, we could have good motivations to shift from one aspect to another: a) causation focus, b) effectual focus, c) condensation d) transition (causality). If we want to consider all the aspects of a process together, we need to postulate a unifying descriptive set of criteria (i.e. a 'description'), according to which that process is circumstantiated in a 'situation'. The different aspects will arise as a parts of a same situation.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

perdurant #5

known subclasses:

accomplishment #5
achievement #5
cognitive-event #9

used in classes:

accomplishment #5
achievement #5
cognitive-event #9

class feature #5

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/DOLCE-Lite#

documentation:

Features are 'parasitic entities', that exist insofar their host exists. Typical examples of features are holes, bumps, boundaries, or spots of color. Features may be relevant parts of their host, like a bump or an edge, or dependent regions like a hole in a piece of cheese, the underneath of a table, the front of a house, or the shadow of a tree, which are not parts of their host. All features are essential wholes, but no common unity criterion may exist for all of them. However, typical features have a topological unity, as they are singular entities.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

physical-endurant #5

constraints:

restriction host #5 has-class endurant #5

known subclasses:

dependent-place #5
relevant-part #5

used in classes:

dependent-place #5
relevant-part #5

used in properties:

host #5
host-of #5

axioms:

disjoint physical-object #5 feature #5
disjoint feature #5 amount-of-matter #5

class feature-role #4

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/CommonSenseMapping#

documentation:

A role played by some feature of a physical object.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

role #2

class figure #2

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/DnS#

documentation:

a.k.a. 'social individual'. Figures are social objects defined or used by descriptions, but differently from concepts, they do not classify entities. Examples of figures are organisations, political geographic objects, sacred symbols, etc.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

social-object #5

constraints:

restriction defined-by #2 has-class constitutive-description #2
restriction refined-by #2 to-class figure #2

known subclasses:

agentive-figure #10
non-physical-place #4

used in classes:

agentive-figure #10
constitutive-description #2
course #2
description #2
figure #2
non-physical-place #4
parameter #2

used in properties:

acted-by #2
acts-for #2
d-used-by #2
d-uses #2
defined-by #2
defines #2
deputed-by #2
deputes #2
modal-target #2
modal-target-of #2
refined-by #2
refines #2
requisite #2
requisite-for #2
ruled-by #10
rules #10

axioms:

disjoint concept #2 figure #2
disjoint description #2 figure #2
disjoint figure #2 information-object #2
disjoint figure #2 collection #12

class flux #9

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/Actions#

documentation:

Fluxes are processes that (also) contain accomplishments as constituents. In other words, fluxes emerge out of accomplishments.

type:

defined

superclasses:

process #5

constraints:

restriction specific-constant-constituent #5 has-class accomplishment #5

known subclasses:

reconstructed-flux #9

used in classes:

reconstructed-flux #9

class formal-expression #3

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/InformationObjects#

type:

primitive

superclasses:

information-object #2

constraints:

restriction ordered-by #3 has-class formal-system #3

used in classes:

formal-system #3

class formal-system #3

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/InformationObjects#

documentation:

A code that orders the generation of information objects according to formally defined vocabulary, axioms, rules, etc.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

information-encoding-system #3

constraints:

restriction orders #3 to-class formal-expression #3

used in classes:

formal-expression #3

class functional-matter #4

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/CommonSenseMapping#

documentation:

Amount of matter playing a typically 'functional' role at some time in some situation.

type:

defined

superclasses:

amount-of-matter #5

constraints:

restriction plays #2 has-class role #2

axioms:

covered functional-matter #4 by (restriction used-in #6 has-class activity #9)

class genetic-collective #15

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/Collectives#

documentation:

A biological collective covered by genetic roles (whose members are identified by means of the genetic properties ascribed to them).

type:

primitive

superclasses:

biological-collective #15

class geographical-object #4

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/CommonSenseMapping#

documentation:

A physical place whose spatial quality is q-located in geographical coordinates.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

physical-place #4

used in classes:

geographical-place #4

class geographical-place #4

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/CommonSenseMapping#

documentation:

A non-physical place, generically dependent on some (physical) geographical object.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

non-physical-place #4

constraints:

restriction generically-dependent-on #5 has-class geographical-object #4

known subclasses:

political-geographic-object #4

used in classes:

political-geographic-object #4

class gestalt #2

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/DnS#

documentation:

A perceptual structure, from the descriptive viewpoint. In other words, this encodes the conditions by which a configuration, structure, or arrangement is perceived by a cognitive agent.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

theory #2

class goal #1

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/Plans#

documentation:

We are proposing here a restrictive notion of goal that relies upon its desirability by some agent, which does not necessarily play a role in the execution of the plan the goal is a part of. For example, an agent can have an attitude towards some task defined in a plan, e.g. duty towards, which is different from desiring it (desire towards). We might say that a goal is usually desired by the creator or beneficiary of a plan. The minimal constraint for a goal is that it is a proper part of a plan. For example, a desire to start a relationship can become a goal if someone takes action (or lets someone else take it for her sake) to obtain it.

type:

defined

superclasses:

desire #13

constraints:

restriction proper-part-of #5 has-class plan #2

known subclasses:

goal-qua-main #1

used in classes:

goal-qua-main #1
goal-situation #1
plan #2

used in properties:

adopts-goal #1
disposition-to #1
influenced-by #1
influences #1
main-goal #1
main-goal-of #1
subgoal #1
subgoal-of #1

class goal-qua-main #1

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/Plans#

documentation:

A main goal can be defined as a goal that is part of a plan but not of one of its subplans. The characteristic axiom cannot be formalized in OWL-DL (it requires coreference).

type:

defined

superclasses:

goal #1

constraints:

restriction main-goal-of #1 has-class plan #2

class goal-situation #1

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/Plans#

documentation:

A goal situation is a situation that satisfies a goal. Opposite to the case of subplan executions, a goal situation is not part of a plan execution. In other words, it is not true in general that any situation satisfying a part of a description, is also part of the situation that satisfies the whole description. This helps to account for the following cases: ¥ Execution of plans containing abort or suspension conditions (the plan would be satisfied even if the goal has not been reached, see below) ¥ Incidental satisfaction, like when a situation satisfies a goal without being intentionally planned (but anyway desired).

type:

defined

superclasses:

situation #2

constraints:

restriction satisfies #2 has-class goal #1

class grammar #3

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/InformationObjects#

documentation:

A set of rules for the generation of a (closed or open set of) information objects.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

combinatorial-system #3

class hybrid-task #1

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/Plans#

documentation:

A complex task that has at least one control task (and then, at least one action task as well) as component.

type:

defined

superclasses:

complex-task #1

constraints:

restriction component #2 has-class control-task #1
restriction component #2 has-class action-task #1

class iconic-object #3

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/InformationObjects#

documentation:

An information object ordered by a visual code.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

information-object #2

class indicator #9

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/Actions#

documentation:

A parameter valued by regions that are used asindicators for some behaviour or event to be checked.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

parameter #2

class information-collection #3

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/InformationObjects#

documentation:

A collection of texts.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

non-physical-collection #12

constraints:

restriction member #12 to-class text #3
property-constraint member #12 min-cardinality 2 text #3
restriction member #12 has-class text #3

known subclasses:

text-repository #3

used in classes:

text-repository #3

class information-encoding-system #3

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/InformationObjects#

documentation:

An information encoding system is a description that involves information objects. They can be divided into 1) axiomatic systems, which provide roles and operations to define formal descriptions (e.g. theories), 2) combinatorial systems, which provide roles and operations to create valid information objects (e.g. grammars), 3) classification systems, which are contexts of (ev. ordered) lists of information objects, and 4) informal encoding systems, which provide roles and operations to define informal descriptions (e.g. narratives).

type:

primitive

superclasses:

description #2

constraints:

restriction involves #2 has-class information-object #2

known subclasses:

classification-system #3
combinatorial-system #3
formal-system #3

used in classes:

classification-system #3
combinatorial-system #3
formal-system #3

used in properties:

ordered-by #3
orders #3

used in individuals:

code-role #16

axioms:

covered information-object #2 by (restriction ordered-by #3 has-class information-encoding-system #3)

class information-gathering #1

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/Plans#

documentation:

An activity aimed at gathering information for some purpose. It is typically sequenced by case tasks for taking decisions (can be part of decision activities).

type:

primitive

superclasses:

activity #9

class information-object #2

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/DnS#

documentation:

Information objects are social objects. They are realized by some entity. They are ordered (expressed according to) by some system for information encoding. Consequently, they are dependent from an encoding as well as from a concrete realization. They can express a description (the ontological equivalent of a meaning/conceptualization), can be about any entity, and can be interpreted by an agent. From a communication perspective, an information object can play the role of "message". From a semiotic perspective, it playes the role of "expression".

type:

defined

superclasses:

social-object #5

constraints:

restriction realized-by #2 has-class particular #5
restriction expresses #2 to-class description #2
restriction about #2 to-class particular #5
restriction interpreted-by #2 to-class (agentive-physical-object #5 or agentive-social-object #5)

known subclasses:

creative-object #4
diagrammatic-object #3
formal-expression #3
iconic-object #3
linguistic-object #3

used in classes:

classification-system #3
combinatorial-system #3
creative-object #4
description #2
diagrammatic-object #3
formal-expression #3
iconic-object #3
information-encoding-system #3
information-realization #3
linguistic-object #3

used in properties:

about #2
aboutness-of #2
expressed-by #2
expresses #2
interpreted-by #2
interprets #2
ordered-by #3
orders #3
q-represented-by #3
q-represents #3
requisite #2
requisite-for #2
theme #6
theme-of #6
title #3

used in individuals:

expression #16
message-role #16

axioms:

covered information-object #2 by (restriction ordered-by #3 has-class information-encoding-system #3)
covered information-object #2 by (restriction part #5 to-class information-object #2)
disjoint concept #2 information-object #2
disjoint description #2 information-object #2
disjoint figure #2 information-object #2
disjoint information-object #2 collection #12

class information-realization #3

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/InformationObjects#

documentation:

Any physical entity that realizes an information object.

type:

defined

superclasses:

physical-realization #2

constraints:

restriction realizes #2 has-class information-object #2

class institution #10

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/SocialUnits#

documentation:

An organization bearing a legal status and having powers conferred by Law.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

organization #10

used in properties:

enforced-by #10
enforces #10

class intentional-collective #15

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/Collectives#

documentation:

We use the presence and structure of a unifying plan in order to characterize kinds of collectives. A preliminary consideration is that plan unification can have two senses. The first one only takes into account the action schemas executed by the members, who do not necessarily interact in a ÔglobalÕ way. In other words, the roles played by members cover the collective, because they are (dispositionally) played by each member. The second sense is richer, and assumes that the unifying (maximal) plan (d-)uses roles that characterize (are played by some members, and related between them in a typical way) the collective. The first sense of plan unification is applicable to a subclass of simple collectives that we call here 'simple-planned-collectives'. The second sense of plan unification applies to intentional collectives proper. An intentional collective acts intentionally because its members act, and because it is unified by a plan that is conceived by some cognitive agent. Therefore, there is nothing special in a collective being intentional: it is just a matter of having a plan and agentive members playing its characterizing roles. What is special is the distinction between the diversified ways of acting collectively (see subclasses).

type:

primitive

superclasses:

organized-collective #15

constraints:

restriction unified-by #12 has-class (plan #2 and (restriction d-uses #2 has-class (restriction characterizes #12 has-class intentional-collective #15)))

used in classes:

intentional-collective #15
simple-collective #15

class interpretation-situation #16

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/SemioticCommunicationTheory#

documentation:

The class of situations that satisfy the semiotic interpretation function (given an expression and a context, a meaning is provided).

type:

defined

superclasses:

situation #2

constraints:

restriction satisfies #2 has-class one-of (semiotic-interpretation-function #16)

class language #16

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/SemioticCommunicationTheory#

type:

primitive

superclasses:

semiotic-code #16

used in classes:

linguistic-object #3
text #3

class legal-possession-entity #4

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/CommonSenseMapping#

documentation:

A role played by assets involved in a legal possession description.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

social-role #2

class life-cycle #9

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/Actions#

documentation:

The course of events typical of the life of an object (kind).

type:

defined

superclasses:

course #2

constraints:

restriction sequences #2 to-class (restriction life-of #5 has-class endurant #5)

class linguistic-object #3

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/InformationObjects#

documentation:

An information object ordered by (encoded according to) a language.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

information-object #2

constraints:

restriction ordered-by #3 has-class language #16

known subclasses:

morpheme #4
phoneme #3
text #3
word #3

used in classes:

morpheme #4
phoneme #3
text #3
word #3

class locative-role #4

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/CommonSenseMapping#

documentation:

This is a role (e.g. closed area) for places. Locative roles are played by physical objects (in locational cases, physical places), as well as non-physical places (individual places depending on a physical object).

type:

primitive

superclasses:

role #2

constraints:

restriction played-by #2 to-class (physical-object #5 or non-physical-place #4)

class logical-role #4

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/CommonSenseMapping#

documentation:

A role used to express logical levels within some layering description or granular partition. A typical example is the Linnean taxonomic ordering, where Phylum or Species are hierarchical roles.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

description-role #4

class material-artifact #4

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/CommonSenseMapping#

documentation:

No easy definition of artifactual properties is possible, hence it is better to rely on alternative descriptions and roles: a physical object that shows or is known to have an artifactual origin that counts in the tasks an ontology is supposed to support, will be a material artifact. On the other hand, physical objects that do not show that origin, or that origin is unimportant for the task of the ontology, will be physical bodies. Formally, a restriction is provided here that requires for a material artifact to play some role defined by a plan or project.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

non-agentive-physical-object #5

constraints:

restriction involved-in #2 has-class (plan #2 or project #2)

known subclasses:

system-as-artifact #14

used in classes:

system-as-artifact #14

class maximal-task #1

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/Plans#

documentation:

A maximal task is a complex task that has all the tasks defined in a plan as components. In OWL-DL the axiom is defined as a concept axiom over plan component task.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

complex-task #1

class measurement-unit #5

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/DOLCE-Lite#

documentation:

A quality space used as a reference metrics ("measurement space") for other spaces. It is usually "counted by" some number.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

abstract-region #5

used in properties:

unit #4
unit-of #4

class mental-object #5

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/DOLCE-Lite#

documentation:

AKA "internal description". Mental objects are dependent on an intentional agent. This class is just a pointer to a complex ontology of mental entities that is currently under development.

type:

defined

superclasses:

non-physical-object #5

constraints:

restriction specifically-constantly-dependent-on #5 has-class agentive-physical-object #5
property-constraint specifically-constantly-dependent-on #5 cardinality 1 agentive-physical-object #5

class method #2

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/DnS#

documentation:

A description that contains a specification to do, realize, behave, etc. Subclasses are plan, technique, practice, project, etc.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

description #2

known subclasses:

plan #2
practice #2
project #2
technique #2

used in classes:

plan #2
practice #2
project #2
task #2
technique #2

used in properties:

exploited-by #9
exploits #9
has-method #9
method-of #9

class modal-description #2

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/DnS#

documentation:

A modal description is any part of a description that has a unity criterion consisting in the specification of a modal target (some course), and it can be a right, power, duty, etc. Notice that modal descriptions can appear in conventionalized descriptions as well as in idiosyncratic assessements, narratives, promises, etc.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

description #2

constraints:

restriction temporary-part-of #5 has-class description #2
restriction d-uses #2 has-class (role #2 and (restriction attitude-towards #2 has-class course #2))
restriction d-uses #2 has-class course #2

known subclasses:

cognitive-modal-description #13

used in classes:

cognitive-modal-description #13

class morpheme #4

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/CommonSenseMapping#

documentation:

A part of a word that can express a meaning.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

linguistic-object #3

constraints:

restriction part-of #5 has-class word #3

class narrative #3

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/InformationObjects#

documentation:

A description expressed by a text, and ordered by additional semiotic codes (narratological structures).

type:

primitive

superclasses:

description #2

constraints:

restriction expressed-by #2 has-class text #3

class natural-person #5

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/DOLCE-Lite#

documentation:

An agentive physical object, capable of 'acting for' a social individual. Socially-constructed persons, like legal ones, can be acted by natural persons, but are never identical to them, since social and physical objects are disjoint in DOLCE. As a consequence e.g. someone after death can no longer be a natural person, but in some legal systems, the legal counterpart (a socially-constructed person) can still exist for some legal contexts, e.g. for hereditary issues.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

agentive-physical-object #5

used in classes:

cognitive-event #9
cognitive-state #9
social-individual #10

class non-agentive-physical-object #5

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/DOLCE-Lite#

documentation:

Within Physical objects, a special place have those those to which we ascribe intentions, beliefs, and desires. These are called Agentive, as opposite to Non-agentive. Intentionality is understood here as the capability of heading for/dealing with objects or states of the world. This is an important area of ontological investigation we haven't properly explored yet, so our suggestions are really very preliminary. A possible modelling of case roles has been started within the descriptions plugin that could be embedded within basic DOLCE. In general, we assume that agentive objects are constituted by non-agentive objects: a person is constituted by an organism, a robot is constituted by some machinery, and so on. Among non-agentive physical objects we have for example houses, body organs, pieces of wood, etc.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

physical-object #5

constraints:

property-constraint conceives #2 cardinality 0 thing

known subclasses:

material-artifact #4
physical-body #4
physical-place #4
physical-plurality #12

used in classes:

material-artifact #4
physical-body #4
physical-place #4
physical-plurality #12

axioms:

disjoint non-agentive-physical-object #5 agentive-physical-object #5

class non-agentive-social-object #5

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/DOLCE-Lite#

documentation:

A social object that is not assumed to have intentionality (in the wider sense of conceiving some description). Since a social object is dependent on physical ones, it is not trivial to interpret the local sense in which a social object 'conceives' a description. See 'agentive-social-object' for some discussion.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

social-object #5

constraints:

property-constraint conceives #2 cardinality 0 thing

known subclasses:

concept #2
description #2

used in classes:

concept #2
description #2

class non-physical-collection #12

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/Collections#

documentation:

A collection of non-physical objects that is characterized by a conventional or emergent property, e.g. a corpus, a legal body, etc. A non-physical collection only has non-physical endurants as members.

type:

defined

superclasses:

collection #12

constraints:

restriction member #12 to-class non-physical-object #5
property-constraint member #12 min-cardinality 2 non-physical-object #5
restriction member #12 has-class non-physical-object #5

known subclasses:

information-collection #3

used in classes:

information-collection #3

class non-physical-endurant #5

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/DOLCE-Lite#

documentation:

An endurant with no mass, generically constantly depending on some intentional agent. Non-physical endurants can have physical constituents (e.g. in the case of members of a collection).

type:

primitive

superclasses:

endurant #5

constraints:

restriction part #5 to-class non-physical-endurant #5
restriction has-quality #5 to-class abstract-quality #5

known subclasses:

non-physical-object #5

used in classes:

abstract-quality #5
non-physical-endurant #5
non-physical-object #5

used in properties:

abstract-location #5
abstract-location-of #5
d-spatial-location #8
d-spatial-location-of #8
descriptive-origin #8
descriptive-origin-of #8
descriptive-place #8
descriptive-place-of #8

axioms:

disjoint non-physical-endurant #5 physical-endurant #5
disjoint non-physical-endurant #5 arbitrary-sum #5

class non-physical-object #5

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/DOLCE-Lite#

documentation:

Formerly known as description. A unitary endurant with no mass (non-physical), generically constantly depending on some intentional agent, on some communication act, and indirectly on some agent participating in that act. Either descriptions (in the current sense), and concepts are non-physical objects.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

non-physical-endurant #5

constraints:

restriction part #5 to-class non-physical-object #5
restriction generically-dependent-on #5 has-class physical-endurant #5

known subclasses:

mental-object #5
social-object #5

used in classes:

mental-object #5
non-physical-collection #12
non-physical-object #5
physical-realization #2
social-object #5

used in properties:

expressed-by #2
expresses #2
realized-by #2
realizes #2
referenced-by #2
references #2

class non-physical-place #4

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/CommonSenseMapping#

documentation:

A figure (e.g. Italy) for non-physical (i.e. socially- or cognitively-constructed) places. Non-physical places generically depend on physical places.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

figure #2

constraints:

restriction generically-dependent-on #5 has-class physical-place #4

known subclasses:

geographical-place #4

used in classes:

geographical-place #4
locative-role #4

class norm #4

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/CommonSenseMapping#

type:

primitive

superclasses:

regulation #2

class organization #10

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/SocialUnits#

documentation:

A socially-constructed person with a complex articulation of tasks, roles and figures.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

socially-constructed-person #10

known subclasses:

institution #10

used in classes:

institution #10

class organized-collection #12

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/Collections#

documentation:

Organized collections introduce a different unity criterion for collections. They can be conceived as characterized by further roles played by some (or all) members of the collection, and related among them through the social objects (figures, descriptions, collections) that either use or depute or are covered by them.

type:

defined

superclasses:

collection #12

constraints:

restriction characterized-by #12 has-class role #2
property-constraint characterized-by #12 min-cardinality 2 role #2

known subclasses:

organized-collective #15

used in classes:

organized-collective #15

class organized-collective #15

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/Collectives#

documentation:

An organized collection whose only members are agents.

type:

defined

superclasses:

collective #15
organized-collection #12

known subclasses:

ecological-collective #15
intentional-collective #15

used in classes:

ecological-collective #15
intentional-collective #15

class parameter #2

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/DnS#

documentation:

A c-description that selects (in particular, it is 'valued by') regions, as a component of some s-description. Parameters are the descriptive counterpart of regions, and, as regions represent the qualities of perdurants or endurants, they can be requisites for some functional role or course. A parameter has at least one region that is value for it.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

concept #2

constraints:

restriction defined-by #2 has-class description #2
restriction valued-by #2 to-class region #5
restriction valued-by #2 has-class region #5
restriction requisite-for #2 to-class (role #2 or course #2 or figure #2)

known subclasses:

indicator #9

used in classes:

indicator #9
role #2
saturated-plan #1
schedule #1

used in properties:

expected-setting #2
expected-setting-for #2
parametrized-by #2
parametrizes #2
requisite #2
requisite-for #2
value-for #2
valued-by #2

axioms:

disjoint parameter #2 course #2
disjoint parameter #2 role #2

class parametrized-collection #12

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/Collections#

documentation:

A type of simple collections are parametrized collections, whose members must have a quality constrained by some parameter that is a requisite of their covering role(s): ParametrizedCollection(c) =df SimpleCollection(c) ? ?r,p,v,t. Covers(r,c) ? RequisiteFor(p,r,t) ? ValueFor(v,p) ? ?e. Membership(e,c,t) ? ?q. InheresIn(q,e,t) ? Q-Location(q,v) For example, a crowd of people has members that have spatial positions in a range that makes them proximal (a condition traditionally used to distinguish so-called aggregates (King 2004)). On the other hand, if positions are reciprocally relevant (as, for instance, in a living chess setting) according to multiple roles defined by some plan or design, the collection becomes organized.

type:

defined

superclasses:

simple-collection #12

constraints:

restriction member #12 to-class (restriction generic-location #5 has-class (restriction value-for #2 has-class (restriction requisite-for #2 has-class role #2)))

class particular #5

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/DOLCE-Lite#

documentation:

AKA 'entity'. Any individual in the DOLCE domain of discourse. The extensional coverage of DOLCE is as large as possible, since it ranges on 'possibilia', i.e all possible individuals that can be postulated by means of DOLCE axioms. Possibilia include physical objects, substances, processes, qualities, conceptual regions, non-physical objects, collections and even arbitrary sums of objects. Extensions of DOLCE included in this ontology also feature 'situations' (qualified reifications of states of affairs).

type:

primitive

known subclasses:

abstract #5
atom #5
endurant #5
perdurant #5
quality #5
situation #2
temporary-atom #5

used in classes:

abstract #5
atom #5
circumstantial-plan #1
endurant #5
information-object #2
perdurant #5
quale #5
quality #5
situation #2
temporary-atom #5

used in properties:

about #2
aboutness-of #2
approximate-location #8
approximate-location-of #8
atomic-part #5
atomic-part-of #5
boundary #5
boundary-of #5
classified-by #2
classifies #2
component #2
component-of #2
direct-predecessor #5
direct-successor #5
exact-location #5
exact-location-of #5
generic-constituent #5
generic-constituent-of #5
generic-dependent #5
generic-location #5
generic-location-of #5
generically-dependent-on #5
has-informal-description #4
has-quality #5
has-t-quality #5
identity-c #5
identity-n #5
immediate-relation #5
immediate-relation-i #5
inherent-in #5
mediated-relation #5
mediated-relation-i #5
mereologically-coincides #5
overlaps #5
parametrized-by #2
parametrizes #2
part #5
part-of #5
partly-compresent #5
predecessor #5
proper-part #5
proper-part-of #5
realized-by #2
realizes #2
referenced-by #2
references #2
referred-by #3
refers-to #3
setting #2
setting-for #2
sibling-part #5
spatio-temporal-presence-of #5
spatio-temporally-present-at #5
specific-constant-constituent #5
specific-constant-constituent-of #5
specific-constant-dependent #5
specifically-constantly-dependent-on #5
strong-connection #5
successor #5
t-inherent-in #5
temporary-atomic-part #5
temporary-atomic-part-of #5
temporary-component #2
temporary-component-of #2
temporary-part #5
temporary-part-of #5
temporary-proper-part #5
temporary-proper-part-of #5
weak-connection #5

class path #4

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/CommonSenseMapping#

documentation:

A course used to sequence phenomena (non-intentional processes).

type:

primitive

superclasses:

course #2

constraints:

restriction sequences #2 has-class phenomenon #4

class perdurant #5

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/DOLCE-Lite#

documentation:

Perdurants (AKA occurrences) comprise what are variously called events, processes, phenomena, activities and states. They can have temporal parts or spatial parts. For instance, the first movement of (an execution of) a symphony is a temporal part of it. On the other side, the play performed by the left side of the orchestra is a spatial part. In both cases, these parts are occurrences themselves. We assume that objects cannot be parts of occurrences, but rather they participate in them. Perdurants extend in time by accumulating different temporal parts, so that, at any time they are present, they are only partially present, in the sense that some of their proper temporal parts (e.g., their previous or future phases) may be not present. E.g., the piece of paper you are reading now is wholly present, while some temporal parts of your reading are not present any more. Philosophers say that endurants are entities that are in time, while lacking however temporal parts (so to speak, all their parts flow with them in time). Perdurants, on the other hand, are entities that happen in time, and can have temporal parts (all their parts are fixed in time).

type:

primitive

superclasses:

particular #5

constraints:

restriction participant #5 has-class endurant #5
restriction has-quality #5 has-class temporal-location_q #5
restriction participant #5 to-class endurant #5
restriction has-quality #5 to-class temporal-quality #5
restriction part #5 to-class perdurant #5
restriction specific-constant-constituent #5 to-class perdurant #5

known subclasses:

event #5
stative #5

used in classes:

course #2
endurant #5
event #5
perdurant #5
stative #5
temporal-quality #5

used in properties:

causally-follows #11
causally-precedes #11
concluded-by #7
concludes #7
constant-participant #5
constant-participant-in #5
duration #4
duration-of #4
expected-by #2
expects #2
follows #7
functional-participant #6
functional-participant-in #6
happens-at #4
life #5
life-of #5
meets #7
met-by #7
p-spatial-location #8
p-spatial-location-of #8
participant #5
participant-in #5
participant-place #8
participant-place-of #8
patient #6
patient-of #6
precedes #7
result #6
result-of #6
sequenced-by #2
sequences #2
started-by #7
starts #7
substrate #6
substrate-of #6
target #6
target-of #6
temporal-location #7
temporal-location-of #7
temporal-relation #7
temporal-relation-i #7
temporally-coincides #7
temporally-connected #7
temporally-included-in #7
temporally-includes #7
temporally-overlaps #7
temporary-participant #5
temporary-participant-in #5
theme #6
theme-of #6
time-of-happening-of #4
total-constant-participant #5
total-constant-participant-in #5
total-temporary-participant #5
total-temporary-participant-in #5

used in individuals:

any-order-task #1
concurrency-task #1

axioms:

disjoint situation #2 perdurant #5
disjoint quality #5 perdurant #5
disjoint abstract #5 perdurant #5
disjoint perdurant #5 endurant #5

class phase-role #4

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/CommonSenseMapping#

documentation:

Formerly: (non-) agentive temporary role. A role for talking of someone or something at certain phases of own life. It can be used also to map temporal parts of agentive objects from a 4D ontology.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

role #2

class phenomenon #4

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/CommonSenseMapping#

documentation:

A phenomenon is basically a process that does not include any intentional active participation. It can be seen as an accomplishment when some intentionality puts boundaries on it (although it is not claimed to be inherently intentional). On the other hand, a purely physical phenomenon does not seem to have inherent boundaries either ... and also for biological processes as well as economic processes this seems to be disputable. If the boundary hypothesis is discarded, phenomenon should migrate under process.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

accomplishment #5

known subclasses:

physical-phenomenon #4

used in classes:

path #4
physical-phenomenon #4

class phoneme #3

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/InformationObjects#

documentation:

A part of a word that is assumed to be sensible to speakers when physically realized by voice. A phoneme is not necessarily able to express a meaning (description), although it can in principle (e.g. 'a' in English).

type:

primitive

superclasses:

linguistic-object #3

constraints:

restriction part-of #5 has-class word #3

class physical-body #4

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/CommonSenseMapping#

documentation:

A physical body is a non-agentive physical object whose primary identity criterion is not given by its artefactual origin, if any. For example, a rock or a tree can be considered physical bodies unless or until they are not viewed as artifacts. As a matter of fact, no easy definition of artifactual properties is possible, hence it is better to rely on alternative descriptions and roles: a physical object that shows or is known to have an artifactual origin that counts in the tasks an ontology is supposed to support, will be a material artifact. On the other hand, physical objects that do not show that origin, or that origin is unimportant for the task of the ontology, will be physical bodies. Formally, a restriction is provided here that requires for a material artifact to play no role defined by a plan or project. BTW, a physical body can still be a *device*, can be 'used' and have 'functions' (roles), e.g. a stone used as a weapon, but it plays no role like being produced, as artifacts do. Physical bodies can have several granularity levels: geological, chemical, physical, biological, etc.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

non-agentive-physical-object #5

constraints:

restriction involved-in #2 to-class (not (plan #2 or project #2))

known subclasses:

biological-object #4
chemical-object #4

used in classes:

biological-object #4
chemical-object #4

class physical-endurant #5

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/DOLCE-Lite#

documentation:

An endurant having a direct physical (at least spatial) quality.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

endurant #5

constraints:

restriction part #5 to-class physical-endurant #5
restriction has-quality #5 to-class physical-quality #5
restriction has-quality #5 has-class physical-quality #5
restriction specific-constant-constituent #5 to-class physical-endurant #5
restriction has-quality #5 has-class spatial-location_q #5

known subclasses:

amount-of-matter #5
feature #5
physical-object #5

used in classes:

amount-of-matter #5
feature #5
non-physical-object #5
physical-endurant #5
physical-object #5
physical-phenomenon #4
physical-quality #5
physical-realization #2

used in properties:

host #5
host-of #5
material-place #8
material-place-of #8
origin #8
origin-of #8
physical-location #5
physical-location-of #5
place #8
place-of #8
spatial-location #8
spatial-location-of #8

used in individuals:

channel-role #16

axioms:

disjoint non-physical-endurant #5 physical-endurant #5
disjoint physical-endurant #5 arbitrary-sum #5

class physical-object #5

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/DOLCE-Lite#

documentation:

The main characteristic of physical objects is that they are endurants with unity. However, they have no common unity criterion, since different subtypes of objects may have different unity criteria. Differently from aggregates, (most) physical objects change some of their parts while keeping their identity, they can have therefore temporary parts. Often physical objects (indeed, all endurants) are ontologically independent from occurrences (discussed below). However, if we admit that every object has a life, it is hard to exclude a mutual specific constant dependence between the two. Nevertheless, we may still use the notion of dependence to (weakly) characterize objects as being not specifically constantly dependent on other objects.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

physical-endurant #5

known subclasses:

agentive-physical-object #5
non-agentive-physical-object #5

used in classes:

agentive-physical-object #5
locative-role #4
non-agentive-physical-object #5
system-as-artifact #14

used in properties:

instrument #6
instrument-of #6

axioms:

disjoint physical-object #5 feature #5
disjoint physical-object #5 amount-of-matter #5

class physical-phenomenon #4

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/CommonSenseMapping#

documentation:

A phenomenon having a physical endurant as participant.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

phenomenon #4

constraints:

restriction participant #5 has-class physical-endurant #5

class physical-place #4

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/CommonSenseMapping#

documentation:

A placeholder for physical objects that are conceived primarily as places, e.g. wrt their spatial quality.

type:

primitive

superclasses:

non-agentive-physical-object #5

known subclasses:

geographical-object #4

used in classes:

country #4
geographical-object #4
non-physical-place #4

class physical-plurality #12

namespace:

http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/Collections#

documentation:

a.k.a. unitary collection in D18. The physical counterpart of a collection. A collection (see) is characterized by a conventional or emergent property. Physical pluralities have as *proper parts* only physical objects that are *members* of a same collection.

type:

defined

superclasses:

non-agentive-physical-object #5

constraints:

restriction specifically-constantly-dependent-on #5 has-class collection #12
restriction realizes #2 has-class collection #12